Cellular Reprogramming

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在细胞重编程过程中，细胞被诱导改变其特性和功能，使用的工具和方法在细胞发育和生长过程中不会自然地发生在生物体的环境中。细胞重编程领域始于1962年，当时约翰?戈登(John Gurdon)首次证明，细胞确实可以被迫从分化程度较高的细胞转向分化程度较低的细胞。从那时起，这一领域呈指数级增长，有助于理解发育、细胞规格和衰老等。更重要的是，在设计治疗人类和动物疾病的新疗法时，细胞重新编程现在也被考虑在内。

During cellular reprogramming, a cell is induced to change its identity and function, using tools and methods that don't naturally occur in the context of and organism during its development and growth. The field of cellular reprogramming started in 1962 when John Gurdon demonstrated for the first time that cells could indeed be forced to move from more to less differentiated. Since then, the field has grown exponentially, contributing to the understanding of development, cell specification, and aging, to name a few. More importantly, cellular reprogramming is now taken into account when design new therapies for human and animal diseases.